1860年,发生了一件令中外震动的大事情英语，1860年,发生了一件令中外震动的大事情,

In the year 1860, a significant event occurred that shook both China and the rest of the world. This event was known as the Second Opium War, which lasted from 1856 to 1860. It was a conflict between China and several Western powers, including Britain and France, over trade and diplomatic relations.

The Causes of the Second Opium War

The Second Opium War was caused by several factors, including the Chinese government's refusal to allow foreign traders to operate freely in China. The British, who were the primary traders of opium in China, were also unhappy with the Chinese government's efforts to suppress the opium trade. In addition, there were several incidents involving British and French citizens being mistreated by Chinese officials, which further escalated tensions between the two sides.

The War and Its Aftermath

The Second Opium War began in 1856 when British and French forces attacked Chinese forts along the Pearl River. The war continued for four years, during which time the British and French forces captured several key cities, including Beijing. In 1860, the Chinese government was forced to sign the Treaty of Tianjin, which opened up several new ports to foreign trade and granted foreigners the right to travel freely throughout China. The treaty also allowed foreign missionaries to operate in China and legalized the opium trade.

In conclusion, the Second Opium War was a significant event in Chinese history that had far-reaching consequences. It marked the beginning of a new era in China's relationship with the West and led to the opening up of China to foreign trade and influence. The war also highlighted the weaknesses of the Qing dynasty and paved the way for the eventual collapse of imperial rule in China.